Laugh in Spanish With the Verbs Reír and Reírse

Giggle in Spanish With the Verbs Reã ­r and Reã ­rse Is there a distinction in significance among reã ­r and reã ­rse? Word references give a similar definition for both. The two action words, which intend to snicker, mean essentially something very similar. In spite of the fact that you will locate some territorial varieties, reã ­rse is the more typical of the two. Therefore, while reã ­ would be comprehended to mean I chuckled, it would be progressively basic to state me reã ­. Reã ­r without anyone else can now and again stable lovely or antiquated. When Reã ­r or Reã ­rse Is Required There are in any event two situations where one structure is required: All the more generally, when followed by de, the reflexive structure reã ­rse for the most part intends to ridicule or to snicker at: Me reã ­a de mi hermano, pero ahora somos amigos. (I used to ridicule my sibling, yet now were friends.)14. 3/19. Extended, fixed mistake, included takeawaysSe reirn de su falta de sofisticaciã ³n computarizada. (They will chuckle at your absence of PC sophistication.)Me quiero reã ­r de mã ­ mismo. (I need to snicker at myself.) On the off chance that you are talking aboutâ what makes an individual snicker, the reflexive structure isnt utilized. Hacer is ordinarily utilized as the action word for to make: Me hace reã ­r cuando estoy triste. (She makes me chuckle when Im sad.)Austin Powers no me hizo reã ­r ms de una vez. (Austin powers didnt make me snicker more than once.)Ayer me hiciste daã ±o y hoy me vas a hacer reã ­r. (Recently you hurt me and today youre going to make me chuckle.) Theres no coherent motivation behind why reã ­rse de is utilized to intend to chuckle at instead of reã ­rse an or even reã ­rse en. That is only the manner in which it is. This is one of those situations where you ought to get familiar with the relational word alongside the action word. Conjugation of Reã ­r and Reã ­rse Reã ­r is one of the not very many - ir action words with a highlight on the last syllable. It is conjugated unpredictably, yet just as far as composing, not articulation. A composed highlight is required in numerous structures to forestall the e of the stem and à ­ of the closure from shaping a diphthong. What's more, case of the composed anomaly can be found in the characteristic present structures with the sporadic structures appeared in boldface): yo rã ­o, tã º rã ­es, usted/à ©l/ella rã ­e, nosotros/as reã ­mos, vosotros/as reã ­s, ustedes/ellos/ellas rã ­en. Words Related to Reã ­r Among the Spanish words identified with or got from reã ­r: la risa - snicker (thing), laughterrisible - laughablerisiã ³n - joke, disparage (noun)la risita - laugh (noun)el riso - laugh (thing; word utilized in constrained areas)la risotada - guffawsonreã ­r - to smilesonriente - grinning (adjective)la sonrisa - grin (thing) Among the couple of English words etymologically identified with reã ­r are disparagement and risible. Every one of these words originate from the Latinâ ridäre, which intended to chuckle. Expressions Using Reã ­r or Reã ­rse Here are four typical statements that utilization these action words, regularly reã ­rse. Interpretations other than those given here can be utilized: reã ­rse a carcajadas - to ignore ones head, to dismiss ones tail, to thunder with giggling, and so forth. (A carcajada is an uproarious chuckle or a roar.) - Nos reã ­amos a carcajadas de las cosas que decã ­a el cã ³mico. (We thundered with giggling at the things the comic said.) An increasingly everyday method of saying something very similar is reã ­r a mandã ­bula batiente, actually to snicker with a fluttering jaw.reã ­rse entre dientes - to laugh (truly, to chuckle between the teeth) - La tenista riã ³ entre dientes y sacudiã ³ la cabeza. (The tennis player laughed and shook her head.)reã ­rse hasta el llanto - to snicker until crying - Muchos dã ­as nos reã ­amos hasta el llanto. (Numerous days we would giggle to the point of crying.)reã ­rse para adentro - to chuckle within - Me rã ­o para adentro cuando recuerdo lo que escribiã ³. (I chuckle within when I recollect what she composed.) Key Takeaways Both reã ­r and its reflexive structure, reã ­rse, intend to giggle, and they are frequently exchangeable with next to zero change in meaning.The reflexive structure reã ­rse is utilized in the expression reã ­rse de, which means to chuckle at, while the basic structure reã ­r is utilized in the expression hacer reã ­r, which means to cause to laugh.Reà ­r and reã ­rse are conjugated consistently as far as elocution, yet a composed complement is regularly expected to keep up that articulation.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Business Ethics - Essay Example Individuals likewise contrast on how organizations should move toward decent variety endeavors. Some state that organizations ought to oversee decent variety for legitimate consistence, while others declare for more noteworthy proactive activities (Eagley and Carli 110; Sandel 169). I accept that organizations ought to go past keeping laws that restrict separation, and rather, they ought to surpass the prerequisites of the law and effectively support assorted variety as the new moral business procedure, on the grounds that advancing decent variety is a â€Å"common good† and gives various advantages to concerned partners. Organizations have an ethical commitment to advance assorted variety as a typical decent. Firms justifiably expect to lessen costs and amplify benefits, in light of the fact that those are a portion of the undeniable motivations behind having a business. Organizations plan to turn benefits, so they can develop either locally or universally and improve investo r riches. Be that as it may, at various times encounters have demonstrated that these objectives ought not be the main points of organizations, since they ought to likewise be considered responsible for the social, monetary, natural, social, and political results of their activities. They ought to know that the Machiavellian rule isn't generally moral; not all methods legitimize the end. For example, it isn't all in all correct to lean toward advancing male up-and-comers, on account of the gave a false representation of that ladies are regularly isolated among family and work jobs and duties, thus they might be less dependable than men. It isn't likewise option to recruit female laborers and pay them not exactly male partners, so the organization can set aside cash. Organizations ought to likewise be liable for elevating and adding to the â€Å"common good† and they can do this through considering decent variety to be a moral business methodology for their great and the benef it of society. The benefit of all speaks to what is useful for the general public all in all and not just for people. In Chapter 7, Sandel contends for governmental policy regarding minorities in society. He focuses on that governmental policy regarding minorities in society can serve the benefit of all, since it remedies the testing hole, balances the wrongs of the past, and supports decent variety (169). There is proof that state administered tests are potentially one-sided. The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and other state sanctioned tests are contested for not having the option to precisely anticipate scholarly and proficient achievement, just as measure various types of insight (Sandel 169). Martin Luther King, Jr. had fair scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) and even scored beneath normal in verbal fitness (Sandel 169). Studies additionally show that African Americans and Hispanics by and large score lower than white understudies in government sanctioned tests and resear chers contend that grades ought to likewise be appropriately deciphered with regards to the students’ social, family, social, and instructive conditions (Sandel 169). Similarly, firms ought to likewise advance assorted variety, in light of the fact that normalized HR practices and measures are not in every case reasonable for minorities. In â€Å"Women and the Labyrinth of Leadership,† Eagley and Carli depict the maze of difficulties for ladies in and competing for authority positions. They uncover that just 6% of the top situations in organizations on the Fortune 500 rundown have a place with ladies with just 2% holding the situation of CEO (Eagley and Carli 105). They contend that the fundamental driver of sexual orientation hole in administration positions are not the â€Å"glass ceilings,† but since associations have made a â€Å"labyrinth† for female representatives. Firms can address this by evolving standards, values, and

What Is Your History With Journalism Example For Students

What Is Your History With Journalism? Q To start with, what is your history with news coverage? An I started dealing with my secondary school paper 2 or 3 years before graduation. I was a news coverage major as an undergrad in school. I worked for two or three paper during my school years. I went into the Navy after I moved on from school. The vast majority of my time spent in the Navy was chipping away at All Hands Magazine, which is the Navy’s individual production. What's more, I was outsourcing for various papers by then. At the point when I escaped the Navy, I chipped away at my Doctorate qualification and found a new line of work showing reporting at The University of Alabama. I remained there for a long time, during which I worked for two or three papers. Some were low maintenance for various stuff. I left Alabama in 2003 and went to Emory, Virginia for a long time. In 2006, I moved to Knoxville. Q What was the normal, or most well known arrangement of media during your time? For instance, was print very famous, or possibly radio? An I’m not certain I can answer that explicitly. I was keen on print. I was keen on papers. So That was generally conspicuous for me. Q Do feel that has changed? An It presumably wouldn’t be print since that has subsided. In any case, I like to compose and I like to report and I like to do the things related with what we used to think as print. Q Speaking of the configuration of media, destinations like Buzzfeed and Huffington Post appear to promote the utilization of â€Å"to the point† news coverage rather than â€Å"long form† composing. Which do you like, both as a maker and a collector? An I’m not certain I favor one over the other. They have their utilization and appel to specific individuals. What we attempt to show understudies both with the goal that they can settle on a decent decision there. I believe that is one of the manners in which news coverage is changing on the grounds that we are moving from something that used to be very media-explicit to getting something on your electronic gadget, there might be an assortment of ways you might be understanding that news source. Q Do you think â€Å"to the point† news coverage is the media design of tomorrow? An I suspect as much. I think individuals need stories, they need news. We have sort of have had them in a similar gathering, however they are isolating as they likely should. Q If anyway, will the media world lose a certain â€Å"high quality essence†? An I don’t realize that I at any point became tied up with the â€Å"high quality† stuff. Papers have been around for quite a while with incredible news coverage. They likewise did truly shotty news coverage. I witnessed both. I don’t think it involves the medium. I think it involves how much consideration they take in the news. Q Even however no type of media, even messages, has ceased to exist, many accept that print news coverage is on out. Do you concur? Why? An I would differ on the grounds that print has it’s employments. Print used to be the main medium. What has occurred over the most recent 15 years is that we have seen this extreme change. Your news-casting doesn’t must be in print any more extended to exist. Print is most likely going to be around for some time. Print has become entirely costly contrasted with some different things now, where it used to be genuinely modest. What we ought to consistently be worried about is the substance, not the medium. Q If it were to surrender to the electronic media, would anything be lost? Or on the other hand would the news coverage industry work similarly as productively and effectively? An I have made the contention that the snappier papers cease to exist, the better news-casting will be, on the grounds that we would at long last be compelled to exploit the mediums online offers. At this moment, most print papers are as yet working in a print sort of world. They don’t comprehend that they could accomplish such a great deal more. Along these lines, I think a great deal of things are going to change due to the innovation. Q As an educator, you train youthful personalities to get ready for the news coverage industry. Do your techniques for instructing, or what you educate, change radically throughout the years as media is improved? A We have consistently needed to give incredible measures of consideration to the innovation, whatever innovation we are utilizing. At the point when I began as a news-casting major, I needed to demonstrate that I could do fundamental composing aptitudes in light of the fact that not every person could do that. I am certain there are individuals of a past age who were stating â€Å"Why should you figure out how to type?†. Along these lines, we have consistently followed the innovation. We have consistently needed to focus on ensuring our understudies had an innovative standard or standard. I presume it will consistently be the situation. Q Do you urge understudies to seek after this field, despite the fact that it has a notoriety to be one of the most serious fields? A Why not? It has consistently been serious. It is never offered incredible fiscal prizes. Individuals get into it since they find different prizes. The profession ways that understudies have now are entirely different than what I had, and they appear to be increasingly intricate. Q What counsel do you provide for your understudies about the future, or the vulnerability, the news-casting industry? An Uncertainty implies that there are bunches of chances there. In the event that you are searching for security, find an administration line of work. In the event that you are imaginative and have an energy for things that writers do, at that point by all methods seek after it. There are bunches of chances out there. I actuality, I think there are parcels for circumstances now than when I was graduating. For example, when I was an undergrad news coverage major, neither I nor any other individual even idea they could be a distributer of anything. Furthermore, presently, I am showing my senior level class how to distribute and be their own distributer. Along these lines, I simply think the open doors are there. .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 , .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .postImageUrl , .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 , .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:hover , .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:visited , .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:active { border:0!important; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:active , .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ubed851 db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ubed851db4c716fb052896176f8621ab0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Meningitis : What Is The History Of The Disease, Where Was It First Discovered? 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Strategic Choices - Free Essay Example

Introduction of the chosen strategic TQM Absolute Quality is a depiction of the way of life, demeanour and association of an organization that endeavours to furnish clients with items and administrations that fulfil their needs. The way of life obliges quality in all parts of the organizations operations, with procedures being done right the first run through and deserts and waste annihilated from operations. TQM is administration theory that tries to coordinate every single hierarchical capacity (showcasing, money, outline, building, creation, client and so on.) to concentrate on addressing client needs and authoritative destinations. TQM sees an association as an accumulation of procedures. It keeps up that associations should dependably endeavour to consistently enhance these procedures by consolidating the information and encounters of labourers. Outsourcing Outsourcing is a noteworthy component in business method which is drilled by both private and open associations. Numerous associations are progressively outsourcing some of their business exercises. Outsourcing alludes to the act of having another organization (a seller, outsider provider], or expert) give administrations. Case in point, an assembling organization may outsource its bookkeeping and transportation capacities to organizations that spend significant time in these exercises. Outsourcing gives the organization access inside and out ability and is regularly more conservative too. Not just do HR offices help with a move to outsourcing, however numerous HR capacities are being outsourced. Outsourcing is an incredible apparatus for firms to respond rapidly to client prerequisites. Firm likewise impart dangers to suppliers when they outsource, bringing about an organization which empowers all gatherings included or virtual association to contend deliberately. Advantage each of the chosen strategic TQM All out quality administration can utilize Customer fulfilment. Since the organization has better items and administrations, and its collaborations with clients are moderately blunder free, there ought to be less client protestations. Less dissentions might likewise imply that the assets gave to client administration can be lessened. A more elevated amount of consumer loyalty might likewise prompt expand piece of the pie. Consumer loyalty is not a target insights but rather all the more an inclination or demeanour. In the event that a client is content with an item or an administration it has enlisted or buy they will pay their bills speedily, which enormously enhances income the soul of any association. Clients that are fulfilled will increment in number, purchase more, and purchase all the more often. Consumer loyalty is seen as a key differentiator and progressively has turn into a key component of business methodology. Inside of associations, consumer loyalty evaluations can have intense impacts. They center workers on the significance of satisfying clients desires. Moreover, when these appraisals plunge, they caution of issues that can influence deals and benefit. At the point when a brand has steadfast clients, it increases positive informal promoting, which is both free and very successful. Outsourcing Outsourcing has served to open up the worldwide market as outsourcing associations exploit provincial work markets and decrease working expenses. Outsourcing additionally permits associations to focus on their center organizations and offers access to concentrated aptitudes and administrations. Outsourcing includes moving business movement to an outside organization, customarily concentrating on back office capacities, for example, IT, HR, fund and bequests. In the private segment, outsourcing is utilized to expand business benefit as it empowers non-center exercises to be stripped and conveyed remotely at scale. While this appears to sit uncomfortably with general society segments emphasis on administration to the national, outsourcings capability to spare cash is supplemented by its capability to improve client experience, following outsourced suppliers have a tendency to be master masters in what they do. Challenge each of the chosen strategic Customer Satisfaction Consumer loyalty evaluations can have effective impacts. They center workers on the significance of satisfying clients desires. Besides, when these appraisals plunge, they caution of issues that can influence deals and productivity. At the point when a brand has steadfast clients, it increases positive informal showcasing, which is both free and exceptionally compelling. Clients are vital for a business and a client neighbourly culture drives an organizations productivity. Never again is the business group alone anticipated that would focus consumer loyalty. HR too has significant influence in guaranteeing consumer loyalty by enlisting the best ability and preparing them to serve clients successfully. Consumer loyalty and dedication can take the organization ahead notwithstanding amid a downturn. With a specific end goal to drive consumer loyalty to an advantageous level HR ought to focus on brilliant employing practices and representative advancement. Consumer loyalty is seen as a k ey differentiator and progressively has turn into a key component of business technique inside of associations. McDonalds has a notoriety for astounding administration coming about because of its use of set up TQM standards. Its sustenance arrangement procedure has been rearranged into little independent units generally as an assembling firm may do. It gives crisp sustenance instantly on interest, which is basically a stock circumstance. Eatery supervisor meet with client aggregates all the time and utilization polls to recognize quality deformities in its operation. It screens all periods of its procedure persistently from acquiring to restrooms to eatery stylistic theme and support in an aggregate quality methodology. It engages all workers to settle on spot choices to discard unfresh nourishment or to speed administration. The McDonalds work power is adaptable so that adjustments in client activity and interest can be met quickly by moving representatives to distinctive assignmen ts. Outsourcing Associations, both of all big and small are understanding that outsourcing is a key to cut down expenses and increase the value of the business. It permits organizations to concentrate on its center capabilities and in this way distinguish new regions for development. Associations that can oversee assorted qualities better have a tendency to be more adaptable and are more receptive. Outsourcing is not by any stretch of the imagination new to the social group. Outsourcing concerns the exchange or release of current representatives taking after the choice to move the exercises that they perform out of the center association. Organizations normally pick among a few authoritative structures for another outsourced operation, including building up a backup that remaining parts under direct control, moving work to a third- party subcontractor, starting a joint endeavour with a third- party subcontractor. Administrators then face the choice to either reject the workforce performing the outso urced capacities, or exchange a bit or all specialists to the new association. Dell has experienced the issue ability requirement. Dell has invested a long energy to discover right individuals in India and show them about Dells way of life. Dialect, social measurements are additionally challenges. Truth be told, its not simple to getting an operators to comprehend the way of life in a nation that is most of the way over the globe. Innovation is likewise a major test. At the point when Dell set up its first call focus, it took around seven months for Dells officers to choose what sort of switches and changes to utilize. Maintenance is another trouble. In parallel with enlisting new ability, Dell needed to come up answers for keep gifted work to work for the organization. An evaluation and recommendation of strategic To assemble a client inviting society HR ought to contract just such representatives why should fit strengthen consumer loyalty. An effective client administration delegate is one who is a hopeful person, adaptable and ready to oversee anxiety and feedback. He ought to have the capacity to strike a harmony between his interest and that of the organization and the client. Along these lines, examining a potential hopeful ought to start from the time he shows up for the meeting. The competitors non-verbal communication and demeanour before and amid the meeting may issue a few signals about his abilities. Testing circumstances the competitor may have experienced amid his before work experience amid the meeting serves to distinguish the applicants capacities and state of mind. Whats more, subsequently results being developed of another HR framework, the new framework assess the imminent competitors qualities. This is done through open-finished inquiries in the meeting and an examination o f their qualities with those of surely understood identities in the same field. Since Dell has regularity in the business, outsourcing business to India permitted Dell to increase and down without changing worker check. Outsourcing helps Dell benchmark its quality and cost and can acquire working knowledge by meeting expectations with outsider merchants. Outsourcing to India permitted Dell to spread its call focuses topographically, and after that, may moderate something, for example, characteristic debacles. Hazard relief is another purpose behind Dell to outsource its business capacity. Dell should utilize one of its provincial markets as the proving ground to experiment with the outcome before they completely outsource the entire call focus administrations to India. Correspondence and aptitude set required by the call focus administration should be fitting characterized and the relating preparing arrangement might be made and executed upon the outsourcing begins. American Express sets the great sample in giving the English dialect preparing to its outsourcing focus in India. This will lessen the correspondence issues which were made by the Indian administrators overwhelming accent. 1

Security Requirements Possible Risks - 1342 Words

Security Requirements and Possible Risks: Benefits Elections System Angela Nelson CMGT/442 February, 25, 2013 James Summerlin Security Requirements and Possible Risks: Benefits Elections System Huffman Trucking, an established trucking company since 1936, has recently requested the implementation of a new Benefits Elections System to assist management in tracking and reporting the benefits of both union and non-union employees. A database system will be utilized to store critical data such as employee information, along with the benefit package of their choosing. Storing such information requires necessary security measures to be in place to ensure the total protection of the data within. The risks associated with storing†¦show more content†¦The ability of an organization to renew passwords frequently is a significant step towards enhanced data protection (Brown, 2010). To enhance the effectiveness of password renewal, system users should not have the ability to use previous passwords when renewing the current ones. Implementing password renewal on the Benefits Elections System will ensure secu rity measures are continually enforced, especially in the event that if an unauthorized user were to gain access to the system, the password would only be good for a specific length of time before it will be changed. Possible Risks â€Å"Risk† is a term that most people, as well as organizations, are familiar with. Risk can be defined as the probability of any possible threat turning into a disaster, which is why significant measures are often taken to reduce and/or eliminate such possibilities. By utilizing a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), Huffman Trucking can effectively determine the vulnerabilities associated with implementing a Benefits Elections System, and develop action plans to correct the vulnerabilities to prevent the risks from becoming reality. Several risks are often associated with the implementation of a new system, however, the main risks that must be considered by Huffman Trucking include: database corruption, human error, and hacking and other malicious attacks. Database corruption isShow MoreRelatedE Business Vs. E Commerce1552 Words   |  7 Pageswith meeting their functionality requirements since they certainly serve and meet the business needs behind their development; however, with the increase in demand for these applications, their development and updates are being realized at faster rate in order to stay in competition on the customer market. 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Essay about First Midterm - 1605 Words

SOLUTIONS Introductory Financial Accounting Midterm Exam Professor Yanfeng Xue Note: 1. You have 90 minutes to finish this exam. The total score for this exam is 100 points. Please use your time wisely. 2. Please show your work because I do give partial credit. 3. If you cannot remember the name of a particular account, do your best at guessing and at least indicate the type of the account (asset, retained earnings, etc.) 4. Good luck! Name: __________________________________________________ 1†¦show more content†¦Dracula Limo paid $6,000 on October 1st for the first two months’ service. Issued common stock of $10,000 and received cash. Paid half month of salary to employees for $2,000. Provided auto service to a client, billed the client for $3,000 to be paid by November 20th. Received utility bill of $600 for electricity usage in the month of October, although the amount won’t be due until November 15th. Paid dividend of $1,000 in cash. Required: a. Write journal entries for each accounting transaction in the space provided below (explanations for the journals are not necessary and you do not need to worry about any adjusting entries to be made at the end of October related to the transactions). 4 points each, 28 points. b. For each transaction, explain how the income statement could be affected. Specifically, what amount and under what category will be reported on the income statement. 2 points each, 14 points. 1) Cash 4,000 Sales revenue 2,000 Inventories 4,000 2,000 Cost of goods sold In the income statement, revenue is increased by 4,000 and cost of goods sold (expense) increased by 2,000. Grading notes: Students get full credit if they cannot name the cost of goods sold but call it expense. Deduct one point if instead of revenue and expense, students debit or credit retained earnings. 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Higher Education Institutions free essay sample

The data is analyzed using the techniques of rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. All the findings are tested at 0. 01 and 0. 05 levels of significance. The result concludes that altruism, conscientiousness, and civic virtue have strong positive impacts on the organizational citizenship behavior in the context of higher education institutes in Pakistan.  © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is relatively a new and emerging concept considered under organizational behavior. Major research, in this emerging field of study has taken place in the 1990s and continuing at an established speed. After the introduction of initial concepts of OCB (Bateman Organ, 1983), numerous studies followed by relating OCB with different dimensions of organizational performance. A great majority of existing studies about the relationship between OCB and performance are theoretical rather than empirical (Borman Motowidlo, 1993). Most of these suggest that OCB is positive for organizations and benefits both management and subordinates. We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Education Institutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Managers value OCB because it creates a work environment conducive for cooperation. It saves the amount of time a manager spends on an issue and helps in focusing on several other opportunities for improving the organizational performances (Turnipseed Rassuli, 2005). However, empirical studies do not support a consistent relationship between OCB and performance. Jacqueline et al. (2004) conclude that OCB is like an extra-role behavior, which is not officially required by the organization; rather its practice depends solely on the consent of an employee as a consequence of the * Corresponding author. The objective of this study is to find out the relationship between antecedents and OCB in higher education institutes of Khyber Pakhtonkhuwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. More specific objectives are to find out: †¢ †¢ †¢ The effect of altruism on organizational citizenship behaviour, The effect of conscientiousness on organizational citizenship behaviour and The effect of civic virtue on organizational citizenship behaviour. Based on the above objectives, the present study seeks to test the following hypothesis: H1: H2: H3: There is a direct relationship between altruism and OCB. There is a direct relationship between conscientiousness and OCB. There is a direct relationship between civic virtue and OCB. In this paper, an analysis has been carried out to find a relationship between OCB and their antecedents in the specific context of higher education institutes of Pakistan. This paper does not include all dimensions and factors of the OCB and anteceded but limited to the following variables: †¢ †¢ Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB): OCB is defined as an extra work associated with behaviors, which goes above and beyond the routine duties prescribed by their job descriptions or measured in formal evaluations (Bateman Organ, 1983). Altruism: Altruism is defined as the willingness of an employee to help a coworker. It is also referred as the selflessness of an employee towards organization. According to Redman Snape (2005), Altruism deals with going outside job requirements to help others with whom the individual has any interaction. Altruism is accounted as a one of the significant antecedents of OCB. Conscientiousness: It refers to discretionary behaviors, which goes outside the basic requirements of the job in terms of obeying work rules, attendance and job performance (Redman Snape, 2005). In other words, conscientiousness means the thorough adherence to organizational rules and procedures, even when no one is observing. It is considered as the mindfulness that a person never forgets to be a part of a system i. e. the organization. Conscientiousness, and openness are all better predictors of decision-making performance when adaptability is required than decision-making performance prior to unforeseen change. Civic Virtue: It refers to behaviors, which reveals a responsible concern for the image and wellbeing of the organization (Redman Snape, 2005). Baker (2005) explains civic virtue is responsible and productive involvement in the political processes of the organization. †¢ †¢ The paper is organized as follows: after introduction, which is provided in this section, literature review is carried out in section 2. Data and methodological framework are explained in section 3. Results are shown in section 4. Final section concludes the study. 2. Literature review The relationship between OCB and their antecedents has been extensively explored in the past. However, relatively few researches have examined this relationship in the specific context of higher education institutes of Pakistan.